Pneumatic actuators play an important role in industrial automation by virtue of their safety, reliability and economy. When selecting, load demand, environmental conditions, control accuracy and maintenance cost should be considered comprehensively, and accessories such as positioner and limit switch should be used to improve performance if necessary. For high-precision or complex control scenarios, complementary electric or hydraulic systems can be combined.
the basic structure and working principle of pneumatic actuators
1. Core composition
Pneumatic drive unit:
Cylinder: Piston or film structure that converts air pressure into mechanical motion.
Piston/diaphragm: Push the output shaft (rotation or linear motion) after compression.
Transmission mechanism:
Rack and pinion (rotary type) : Converts linear motion to rotation.
Spring return mechanism (single acting type) : used for resetting when there is no air source.
Control accessories:
Solenoid valve: control the direction of air flow to achieve switching action.
Positioner: Receive control signals (such as 4-20 mA), accurately adjust the opening.
Limit switch: Feedback position signal for interlock control.
2. How it works
The compressed air enters the cylinder through a solenoid valve and pushes the piston or diaphragm to produce a straight or rotating motion. Depending on the mode of action:
Single action (Spring Return) : one side of the gas supply, the spring provides the reset force. Automatic reset when air is lost.
Double Acting: Alternating gas supply on both sides, no spring, requiring external signals to control two-way movement.
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