A ball valve operates by a simple yet efficient mechanism.
A spherical ball with a hole in it sits at the center of the valve. When the valve is in the open position, the fluid or gas may pass through it freely because the hole lines up with the valve's input and output ports.
To close the valve, the ball is rotated by 90 degrees. This rotation causes the solid part of the ball to block the flow path, preventing the passage of the medium.
The rotation of the ball is typically controlled by a handle or an actuator. The handle can be manually operated, while actuators can be pneumatic, electric, or hydraulic, providing automatic or remote control of the valve's position.
The sealing around the ball is achieved through various means. It could be through the use of resilient seals or by the precise machining of the ball and the valve seat to create a tight fit when the valve is closed.
For example, in a domestic water supply system, when the ball valve handle is turned to the open position, water can flow through to the faucet. Turning the handle to the closed position stops the water flow for maintenance or in case of an emergency.
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