the basic structure and working principle of pneumatic actuators
1. Core composition
Pneumatic drive unit:
Cylinder: Piston or film structure that converts air pressure into mechanical motion.
Piston/diaphragm: Push the output shaft (rotation or linear motion) after compression.
Transmission mechanism:
Rack and pinion (rotary type) : Converts linear motion to rotation.
Spring return mechanism (single acting type) : used for resetting when there is no air source.
Control accessories:
Solenoid valve: control the direction of air flow to achieve switching action.
Positioner: Receive control signals (such as 4-20 mA), accurately adjust the opening.
Limit switch: Feedback position signal for interlock control.
2. How it works
The compressed air enters the cylinder through a solenoid valve and pushes the piston or diaphragm to produce a straight or rotating motion. Depending on the mode of action:
Single action (Spring Return) : one side of the gas supply, the spring provides the reset force. Automatic reset when air is lost.
Double Acting: Alternating gas supply on both sides, no spring, requiring external signals to control two-way movement.
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